Após o ajuste para o IMC e a idade, as diferenças significativas entre as variáveis através da transição menopausal persistiram, incluindo um aumento no WC. Foi observada uma correlação significativa entre a idade e as medidas de obesidade geral, tais como IMC (P <0,05) e percentual de gordura (P <0,001), mas não com os índices de obesidade central. O estado de menopausa e WC exerceu um efeito independente sobre a maioria dos fatores de risco metabólicos (P <0,001 ou P <0,01). A previsão do percentual de gordura foi a variável de C-RP, HbA1c, pressão arterial diastólica (P <0,001) e HDL (P <0,01). Mas a idade mostrou efeito independente apenas em HbA1c. A Menopausa em sua transição traz irregularidades na composição corporal total caracterizada por um aumento da massa de gordura corporal e adiposidade central, mas também leva a outros comprometimentos como às medidas antropométricas, peso, altura, circunferência da cintura (CC), circunferência do quadril (HC), percentual de gordura, taxa metabólica basal (TMB) e pressão arterial. A glicemia de jejum, glicemia pós-prandial, hemoglobina glicada (HbA1c), perfil lipídico, e proteína C-reativa (PCR) também são medidas. Isso cria um ambiente compatível para o metabolismo anormal e agravamento dos fatores de risco cardiometabólicos. Assim, o estado menstrual e a obesidade associada são os principais preditores de aberrações metabólicas com mais idade de forma progressiva, em mulheres na menopausa. Atualmente as observações do estado do climatério e da síndrome de menopausa demonstram profundamente que na reposição hormonal, os benefícios são rigorosamente mais significativos que a simples exclusão dessa hipótese terapêutica para quem tem indicação precisa.
VISCERAL, ABDOMINAL AND CENTRAL OBESITY IN GENERAL IS ASSOCIATED TO MENOPAUSE OR CLIMACTERIC PRIMARY AND WEIGHT LOSS IS ALMOST ABSENT, REQUIRES FOR PROFESSIONAL INTERVENTION.
WHILE THE WEIGHT LOSS IS ASSOCIATED WITH SUBSTANTIAL REDUCTION OF CARDIOVASCULAR RISK IN CONNECTION WITH THE OBESITY IN MENOPAUSE AND CLIMACTERIC SYNDROME CONTINUES TO BE DESIRED A RESULT OF RELEVANT TREATMENT STRATEGIES, INCREASE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IS ASSOCIATED THE SHARP REDUCTION IN WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE, VISCERAL FAT AND CARDIOMETABOLIC RISK FACTORS, SIMULTANEOUSLY WITH INCREASED CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS, MINIMUM DESPITE OR ANY CHANGE IN BODY WEIGHT. PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY-NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY-GENETICS-ENDOCRINE-PEDIATRICS (SUBDIVISION OF ENDOCRINOLOGY): DR. JOÃO SANTOS CAIO JR. ET DRA. HENRIQUETA VERLANGIERI CAIO.
Factors associated with overall obesity and abdominal obesity in women after menopause and even in the climacteric syndrome, menopause is associated with a tendency to gain weight. Several changes in fat deposits occur leading to changes in body fat distribution. There are strong indications that, in middle age, obesity is associated with increased mortality. To determine the factors associated with the prevalence of overweight and abdominal obesity in postmenopausal women in a population-based study in Brazil can be said that this is a global process worldwide. Found that overweight and abdominal obesity was more prevalent among women after menopause that had three or more children. Age over 65 years was also a risk factor for abdominal obesity and without use of hormone replacement therapy was a risk factor for excess weight. Increased incidence of cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome particularly after menopause has raised curiosity to the underlying factors.
However, it is still a debate whether age or menopausal transition is a major contributor. As we consider the commitment to elucidate the interrelationships of age, menopause and associated obesity and assess the independent effects on worsening of cardiometabolic risk factors in women in various researchers converge postmenopausal for these intercurrent factors as an assertive common for facts have serious implications in this regard. There was a significant increase in physical and metabolic factors in postmenopausal women compared to premenopausal women, except toilet and Hba1c. In contrast, high density lipoprotein (HDL) and TMB were significantly reduced. After adjustment for age and BMI, the differences between the variables persisted through the menopause transition, including an increase in the toilet. A significant correlation between age and general measures of obesity, such as BMI (p <0.05), body fat percentage (P <0.001), but not with the central obesity indexes was observed. Menopausal status and toilet exerted an independent effect on the major metabolic risk factors (P <0.001 or P <0.01). Percentage of fat was predictive variable for CRP, HbA1c, diastolic blood pressure (P <0.001) and HDL (P <0.01). Age was independently but only effect on HbA1c. Menopause in their transition brings about irregularities in total body composition characterized by an increase in body fat mass and central adiposity, but also leads to other disabilities as anthropometric measurements such as weight, height, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), body fat percentage, basal metabolic rate (BMR) and blood pressure were taken. Fasting glucose, postprandial glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profile, and C-reactive protein (CRP) are also measured. This creates an environment compatible to the abnormal metabolism and aggravated cardiometabolic risk factors.
Thus, menstrual status and associated obesity is the main predictor of metabolic aberrations as older gradually, in menopausal women. Currently the state of observations of menopause and menopause syndrome to think deeply in hormone replacement, that because the benefits are strictly more significant than simply deleting this therapeutic hypothesis for those with precise.
Dr. João Santos Caio Jr.
Endocrinologia – Neuroendocrinologista
CRM 20611
Dra. Henriqueta V. Caio
Endocrinologista – Medicina Interna
CRM 28930
1. O estigma do indivíduo obeso, seja ele homem, mulher ou criança, que vai desde o bullying até a auto-rejeição de sua imagem corporal é um fator que deve ser levado a sério pelos humanos, pois é uma situação que pode causar desconforto, depressão, auto-rejeição independente das doenças que as acompanham de forma significativa e devastadora...
http://hormoniocrescimentoadultos.blogspot.com.
2. Crianças, adolescentes, jovens, e adultos se sentem menosprezados, inferiorizados perante seu grupo, pois a sociedade os considera com detalhes acima da média social em qualquer situação, como predestinados a serem menos inteligentes, com menor cognição e com dificuldade de sentir-se como um membro comunitário alfa...
http://longevidadefutura.blogspot.com
3. Além disto, diversas co-morbidades acompanham esses estigmas e mesmo a doença que é a obesidade seja ela periférica ou intra-abdominal...
http://imcobesidade.blogspot.com
AUTORIZADO O USO DOS DIREITOS AUTORAIS COM CITAÇÃO
DOS AUTORES PROSPECTIVOS ET REFERÊNCIA BIBLIOGRÁFICA.
Referências Bibliográficas:
Caio Jr, João Santos, Dr.; Endocrinologista, Neuroendocrinologista, Caio,H. V., Dra. Endocrinologista, Medicina Interna – Van Der Häägen Brazil, São Paulo, Brasil; Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Kuczmarski RJ, Johnson CL. Overweight and obesity in the United States: prevalence and trends, 1960–1994. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1998; 22: 39–47; Mokdad AH, Bowman BA, Ford ES, Vinicor F, Marks JS, Koplan JP. The continuing epidemics of obesity and diabetes in the United States. JAMA2001; 286: 1195–200; Kuskowska-Wolk A, Rossner S. Body mass distribution of a representative adult population in Sweden. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1990; 10(suppl): S37–S41; Hedley AA, Ogden CL, Johnson CL, Carroll MD, Curtin LR, Flegal KM. Prevalence of overweight and obesity among US children, adolescents, and adults, 1999–2002. JAMA 2004; 291: 2847–50; Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Ogden CL, Johnson CL. Prevalence and trends in obesity among US adults, 1999–2000. JAMA 2002; 288: 1723–7; Manson JE, Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, et al. Body weight and mortality among women. N Engl J Med 1995; 333: 677–85; Grinker JA, Tucker K, Vokonas PS, Rush D. Body habitus changes among adult males from the normative aging study: relations to aging, smoking history and alcohol intake. Obes Res 1995; 3: 435–46; Kannel WB, Gordon T, Castelli WP. Obesity, lipids, and glucose intolerance. The Framingham Study. Am J Clin Nutr 1979; 32: 1238–45; Rissanen A, Heliovaara M, Aromaa A. Overweight and anthropometric changes in adulthood: a prospective study of 17,000 Finns. Int J Obes 1988; 12: 391–401; Fogelholm M, Kujala U, Kaprio J, Sarna S. Predictors of weight change in middle-aged and old men. Obes Res 2000; 8: 367–73; Baumgartner RN, Stauber PM, McHugh D, Koehler KM, Garry PJ. Cross-sectional age differences in body composition in persons 60+ years of age. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 1995; 50: M307–16.
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